Combinatorics · Grid colourings · Forcing arguments · Counting · Invariants

Problem 6, 2016

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NationalOpen answer

Let \(n \ge 2\) be a natural number. Maja and Peter want to colour every cell of an \(n \times n\) table either black or blue, subject to one rule: among any four cells that can be covered by a square tile of the shape drawn below - that is, in every \(2 \times 2\) block of cells - exactly two cells must be black.

Peter has already coloured the first two cells of the first row black, as shown. In how many ways can Maja colour the rest of the table?

The tile.
Peter's two black cells. The table continues to the right and downwards.

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Slovenian High School Mathematics Competition for Vega Awards (MaSSA), drzavno (national) round 2016, 1. letnik, category A, problem B3. Organized by DMFA Slovenije (Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia). Source